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Lumbar region- erector spinae and other deep muscles
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On the right side, muscles and aponeurosis have been removed to show the erector spinae. On the left side, the greater part of the erector spinae has been removed to show the multifidi muscles.
The erector spinae muscle and prolongations from it fill up the hollow on either side of the vertebral column. The muscle itself consists of a flattened tendinous portion which lies superficially
in the lumbar and sacral regions, and of a mass of fleshy tissue which lies on its anterior surface. From the origin of the muscle, bands pass in different directions to gain insertion into ribs and
vertebrae. The three principal columns into which the muscle divides are shown here. They are the iliocostalis on the outer side, the longissimus dorsi in the centre, and the spinalis dorsi
close to the vertebral spines. Cutaneous nerves emerge between the first two.
The multifidus spinae in this region is a thick fleshy mass, covered by the erector spinae, the bundles of which it is composed passing upwards and inwards to be inserted into the vertebral spines.
In front of these structures lies the quadratus lumborum, its outer margin projecting beyond that of the vertebral muscles.
The lumbar aponeurosis, the middle lamella of which covers the quadratus lumborum, and which gives origin to the internal oblique and transversalis abdominis muscles, has been removed, so that the descending colon is visible, with some nerves.
The figures indicate-
1. Posterior superior iliac spine.
2. Sacral cornu.
3. Last rib.
4. Transverse process of first lumbar vertebra.
5. Spine of second lumbar vertebra.
Muscles.
6. Quadratus lumborum.
7. Iliocostalis.
8. Iliocostalis thoracis.
9. Longissimus dorsi.
10. Spinalis dorsi.
11. Multifidus spinae.
12. Levator costae.
13. External intercostal.
14. Lumbar aponeurosis, middle lamella.
15. Extraperitoneal fat, and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves.
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